G20 stands for “Group of Twenty”. The G20 brings together the countries with the largest economies in the world. The member states meet annually to discuss economic, political and social initiatives. The group defines itself as the main forum for international economic cooperation (agreement reached by the leaders at the Pittsburgh Summit in September 2009).
The G20 Summit is a meeting between the Heads of State or Government of member countries. The term “Summit” comes from its English definition and refers to the highest point of a mountain. The Summit is therefore the culmination of more than hundred G20 meetings over the course of a year.
The G20 Leaders’ Summit was established in response to the global financial crisis that occurred in the wake of the collapse of the Lehman Brothers bank. The existing G20 Meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors was upgraded to the Heads of State level, and the inaugural G20 Summit was held in Washington DC in November 2008. From thereon, Summit meetings were held semi-annually until 2010 and annually from 2011 onwards.
The G20 is made up of 19 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Russia, Türkiye, UK and USA) and two regional bodies: the African Union and the European Union. The members of the G20 represent around 85% of the world’s GDP, more than 75% of world trade and around two-thirds of the world’s population. In addition, invited guest countries and international organisations participate in the G20.
The G20 has annually rotating presidencies. Brazil handed over the G20 Presidency to South Africa on 1 December 2024. South Africa will in turn hand over the Presidency to the United States in December 2025.
Preparations for the G20 Summits revolve around “sherpas,” who are official representatives of leaders of participating members. The term “sherpa” has its roots in mountain climbing, and it refers to an assistant who guides climbers to the summit of a mountain. G20 sherpas, through their close communication, proceed with the preparations for a successful summit meeting.
The G20 troika system was officially adopted at the Cannes Summit (France) in 2011 as the framework for steering the G20 process. The “troika” consists of the current, previous, and next G20 presidencies and the three members cooperate with one another in preparing for the G20 Summit. During South Africa’s presidency, we will work closely together with Brazil (2024 presidency) and the US (2026 presidency).
The G20 operates differently from traditional international organisations, with two main approaches: the Finance Track and the Sherpa Track. The Finance Track is led by the finance ministers and central bank presidents of the countries in the group, who meet at least four times a year (two of them in parallel to the general meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund). The sherpas, who lead the other track, are the personal representatives of the G20 leaders, responsible for overseeing the negotiations, discussing the items that make up the summit’s agenda and coordinating most of the work.
The Sherpas Track consists of 15 working groups. The working groups are:
- Anti-corruption
- Women Empowerment
- Development
- Trade and Investment
- Environment and Climate Sustainability
- Digital Economy
- Education
- Research and Innovation
- Agriculture
- Energy Transition
- Employment
- Health
- Disaster Risk Management
- Tourism
- Culture
In this track, finance ministers and central bank leaders deal with seven technical groups:
- Global Economy
- International Financial Architecture
- Finance/Health Task Force
- Infrastructure
- Sustainable Finance
- Financial Inclusion
- Global Economy
The G20 Engagement groups are the civil society participation in discussions and policy formulation related to the G20. This includes the activities of 13 engagement groups, coordinated between the political and financial tracks and non-governmental actors, allowing participants to contribute to the group’s policy formulation process. The engagement groups are:
- W20 (Women)
- L20 (Labour)
- B20 (Business)
- T20 (Think Tanks)
- C20 (Civil Society)
- SAI20 (Supreme Audit Institutions)
- Y20 (Youth)
- U20 (Urban)
- S20 (Science)
- Startup20
- J20 (Supreme Courts)
- O20 (Ocean)
- P20 (Parliament)
Priorities that South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 intend to address are guided by the overarching theme of “Solidarity, Equality and Sustainability”.
Solidarity – signifies a unified effort and mutual support among member nations. It is the recognition that in an interconnected world, the challenges faced by one nation can have ripple effects globally.
Equality – refers to ensuring fair treatment, opportunities, and advancement for all individuals and nations, irrespective of their economic status, gender, race, geographic location, or other characteristics.
Sustainability – is about meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, ensuring long-term health and stability of all people and our planet. As major global actors, G20 nations play a pivotal role in driving sustainable development agenda.
South Africa’s G20 Presidency will drive the following high-level deliverables, and priorities, which will find expression in the work of the Sherpa and Finance Tracks
- Priority 1 – Inclusive Economic Growth, Industrialisation, Employment and Inequality
- Priority 2 – Food Security
- Priority 3 – Artificial Intelligence and Innovation for Sustainable Development.
The G20 Leaders’ Summit is scheduled for November 2025 in Johannesburg.
South Africa plans to host around 130 meetings of the working groups and task forces that make up the G20, both face-to-face and virtual, at technical and ministerial level across all provinces of the country.
While the G7 is made up of rich countries, the G20 manages to get leaders from both developed and emerging economies around the table, representing a far broader range of views. It has been credited with reaching important agreements such as the trillion-dollar pledge in 2009 to help struggling economies during the global financial crisis.
G20 stands for “Group of Twenty”. The G20 brings together the countries with the largest economies in the world. The member states meet annually to discuss economic, political and social initiatives. The group defines itself as the main forum for international economic cooperation (agreement reached by the leaders at the Pittsburgh Summit in September 2009).
The G20 Summit is a meeting between the Heads of State or Government of member countries. The term “Summit” comes from its English definition and refers to the highest point of a mountain. The Summit is therefore the culmination of more than hundred G20 meetings over the course of a year.
The G20 Leaders’ Summit was established in response to the global financial crisis that occurred in the wake of the collapse of the Lehman Brothers bank. The existing G20 Meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors was upgraded to the Heads of State level, and the inaugural G20 Summit was held in Washington DC in November 2008. From thereon, Summit meetings were held semi-annually until 2010 and annually from 2011 onwards.
The G20 is made up of 19 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Russia, Türkiye, UK and USA) and two regional bodies: the African Union and the European Union. The members of the G20 represent around 85% of the world’s GDP, more than 75% of world trade and around two-thirds of the world’s population. In addition, invited guest countries and international organisations participate in the G20.
The G20 has annually rotating presidencies. Brazil handed over the G20 Presidency to South Africa on 1 December 2024. South Africa will in turn hand over the Presidency to the United States in December 2025.
Preparations for the G20 Summits revolve around “sherpas,” who are official representatives of leaders of participating members. The term “sherpa” has its roots in mountain climbing, and it refers to an assistant who guides climbers to the summit of a mountain. G20 sherpas, through their close communication, proceed with the preparations for a successful summit meeting.
The G20 troika system was officially adopted at the Cannes Summit (France) in 2011 as the framework for steering the G20 process. The “troika” consists of the current, previous, and next G20 presidencies and the three members cooperate with one another in preparing for the G20 Summit. During South Africa’s presidency, we will work closely together with Brazil (2024 presidency) and the US (2026 presidency).
The G20 operates differently from traditional international organisations, with two main approaches: the Finance Track and the Sherpa Track. The Finance Track is led by the finance ministers and central bank presidents of the countries in the group, who meet at least four times a year (two of them in parallel to the general meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund). The sherpas, who lead the other track, are the personal representatives of the G20 leaders, responsible for overseeing the negotiations, discussing the items that make up the summit’s agenda and coordinating most of the work.
The Sherpas Track consists of 15 working groups. The working groups are:
- Anti-corruption
- Women Empowerment
- Development
- Trade and Investment
- Environment and Climate Sustainability
- Digital Economy
- Education
- Research and Innovation
- Agriculture
- Energy Transition
- Employment
- Health
- Disaster Risk Management
- Tourism
- Culture
In this track, finance ministers and central bank leaders deal with seven technical groups:
- Global Economy
- International Financial Architecture
- Finance/Health Task Force
- Infrastructure
- Sustainable Finance
- Financial Inclusion
- Global Economy
The G20 Engagement groups are the civil society participation in discussions and policy formulation related to the G20. This includes the activities of 13 engagement groups, coordinated between the political and financial tracks and non-governmental actors, allowing participants to contribute to the group’s policy formulation process. The engagement groups are:
- W20 (Women)
- L20 (Labour)
- B20 (Business)
- T20 (Think Tanks)
- C20 (Civil Society)
- SAI20 (Supreme Audit Institutions)
- Y20 (Youth)
- U20 (Urban)
- S20 (Science)
- Startup20
- J20 (Supreme Courts)
- O20 (Ocean)
- P20 (Parliament)
Priorities that South Africa’s Presidency of the G20 intend to address are guided by the overarching theme of “Solidarity, Equality and Sustainability”.
Solidarity – signifies a unified effort and mutual support among member nations. It is the recognition that in an interconnected world, the challenges faced by one nation can have ripple effects globally.
Equality – refers to ensuring fair treatment, opportunities, and advancement for all individuals and nations, irrespective of their economic status, gender, race, geographic location, or other characteristics.
Sustainability – is about meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, ensuring long-term health and stability of all people and our planet. As major global actors, G20 nations play a pivotal role in driving sustainable development agenda.
South Africa’s G20 Presidency will drive the following high-level deliverables, and priorities, which will find expression in the work of the Sherpa and Finance Tracks
- Priority 1 – Inclusive Economic Growth, Industrialisation, Employment and Inequality
- Priority 2 – Food Security
- Priority 3 – Artificial Intelligence and Innovation for Sustainable Development.
The G20 Leaders’ Summit is scheduled for November 2025 in Johannesburg.
South Africa plans to host around 130 meetings of the working groups and task forces that make up the G20, both face-to-face and virtual, at technical and ministerial level across all provinces of the country.
While the G7 is made up of rich countries, the G20 manages to get leaders from both developed and emerging economies around the table, representing a far broader range of views. It has been credited with reaching important agreements such as the trillion-dollar pledge in 2009 to help struggling economies during the global financial crisis.